Potential Causes
If nightmares do become problematic, the first step is to identify and eliminate any of the potential causes, including:
Medications Seizures Non-REM parasomnias Sleep-disordered breathing (i. e. , sleep apnea) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Sleep terrors REM behavior disorder Sleep paralysis
By addressing these underlying causes, it is possible that no further evaluation or treatment will be necessary. It may be necessary to speak with a doctor, often either a sleep specialist or psychiatrist or psychologist, to rule out some of these potential causes.
Diagnosis
In some cases, it may be necessary to undergo a standard sleep study called a polysomnogram. This study is slightly modified to include additional brainwave measurements. This expanded electroencephalogram (EEG) identifies possible seizure activity as a contributor to the nightmares. This study will also rule out sleep apnea as a potential contributor.
Treatments
As noted, nightmare treatment may require the assistance of a sleep or mental health specialist. The medication prazosin has been used in adults with PTSD who have nightmares, but it has not been studied in children. In addition, it may be helpful to undergo therapy, such as:
Psychotherapy Relaxation techniques Hypnosis Lucid dreaming
One of the most common treatments is dream rehearsal therapy. In brief, recurrent nightmares are practiced with an alternative, more favorable, ending. If you dream about being chased and attacked, you find a way to escape, for example.
Finally, the use of certain medications to suppress REM sleep can also be effective. These include medications for anxiety and depression, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants.
If you suffer from recurrent nightmares that are disruptive to your sleep and your life, you may wish to start by talking with your healthcare provider about some of the options available to you. If the problems persist, get the specialized evaluation that you need to resolve the condition.
